Manifestaciones cardíacas de las enfermedades reumáticas / Cardiac manifestations of rheumatic diseases

Las enfermedades reumáticas autoinmunes son trastornos inflamatorios que pueden afectar a múltiples órganos, entre los que se incluye el corazón. El elevado riesgo de aparición de patología cardiovascular en estos pacientes no solo se debe a la presencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular tradicionales, sino también a la inflamación crónica y la autoinmunidad. Todas las estructuras cardíacas pueden verse afectadas durante el curso de la enfermedad (válvulas, sistema de conducción, miocardio, endocardio, pericardio y arterias coronarias), por lo que las complicaciones cardíacas incluyen una amplia variedad de manifestaciones clínicas. La afectación cardíaca se asocia con un pronóstico desfavorable, por lo que es esencial detectar la lesión cardíaca subclínica en pacientes asintomáticos e instaurar el tratamiento de forma precoz. Este documento ofrece una revisión actualizada de las principales manifestaciones cardíacas de las enfermedades reumáticas, así como su manejo terapéutico. (AU)

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are inflammatory disorders that can involve multiple organs, including the heart. The high risk of cardiovascular pathology in these patients is not only due to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but also to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. All cardiac structures may be affected during the course of systemic autoimmune diseases (valves, the conduction system, the myocardium, endocardium and pericardium, and coronary arteries), and the cardiac complications have a variety of clinical manifestations. As these are all associated with an unfavourable prognosis, it is essential to detect subclinical cardiac involvement in asymptomatic systemic autoimmune disease patients and begin adequate management and treatment early. In this review, we examine the multiple cardiovascular manifestations in patients with rheumatological disorders and available management strategies. (AU)

Cardiac manifestations of rheumatic diseases. / Manifestaciones cardíacas de las enfermedades reumáticas.

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are inflammatory disorders that can involve multiple organs, including the heart. The high risk of cardiovascular pathology in these patients is not only due to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but also to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. All cardiac structures may be affected during the course of systemic autoimmune diseases (valves, the conduction system, the myocardium, endocardium and pericardium, and coronary arteries), and the cardiac complications have a variety of clinical manifestations. As these are all associated with an unfavourable prognosis, it is essential to detect subclinical cardiac involvement in asymptomatic systemic autoimmune disease patients and begin adequate management and treatment early. In this review, we examine the multiple cardiovascular manifestations in patients with rheumatological disorders and available management strategies.